Heat Treatment
What is Heat Treatment?
Heat treatment is the process of heating and cooling metals, using specific predetermined methods to obtain desired properties. Both ferrous as well as non-ferrous metals undergo heat treatment before putting them to use.
Over time, a lot of different methods have been developed. Even today, metallurgists are constantly working to improve the outcomes and cost-efficiency of these processes.
For that they develop new schedules or cycles to produce a variety of grades. Each schedule refers to a different rate of heating, holding and cooling the metal.
These methods, when followed meticulously, can produce metals of different standards with remarkably specific physical and chemical properties.
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The Benefits
There are various reasons for carrying out heat treatment. Some procedures make the metal soft, while others increase hardness. They may also affect the electrical and heat conductivity of these materials.
Some heat treatment methods relieve stresses induced in earlier cold working processes. Others develop desirable chemical properties to metals. Choosing the perfect method really comes down to the type of metal and the required properties.
In some cases, a metal part may go through several heat treatment procedures. For instance, some superalloys used in the aircraft manufacturing industry may undergo up to six different heat treating steps to optimise them for the application.
Historically, the subtractive machining process was manual. Processes such as woodcarving, forging, and filling of metals, once done by hand, have undergone rapid advancements over the past century and now broadly incorporate technology that makes them more efficient and precise. The automated nature of CNC machining makes it possible to create simple, high-precision parts with high accuracy; and to fabricate unique, medium-scale production series cost-effectively.
Heat Treatment Process Steps
In simple terms, heat treatment is the process of heating the metal, holding it at that temperature, and then cooling it back. During the process, the metal part will undergo changes in its mechanical properties. This is because the high temperature alters the microstructure of the metal. And microstructure plays an important role in the mechanical properties of a material.
The final outcome depends on many different factors. These include the time of heating, time of keeping the metal part at a certain temperature, rate of cooling, surrounding conditions, etc. The parameters depend on the heat treatment method, type of metal and part size.
Over the course of this process, the metal’s properties will change. Among those properties are electrical resistance, magnetism, hardness, toughness, ductility, brittleness and corrosion resistance.
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